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A Literature Review of Studies on Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 28, 113 - 128, 11.06.2007

Abstract

The construct of resilience and its implications for studies of at-risk children has been focus of growing
attention from researchers over the past 30 years. Moreover, theoretical and empirical investigations have
examined a wide range of psychosocial contributors to this construct. Trends in resilience research are shifting from identifying characteristics of children who are resilient in the face of adversity to identifying processes that promote resilience under different adverse conditions. Besides, professionals attempt to develop, implement and evaluate several prevention programs to reduce the future incidence of risks on children. However, research focusing on resilience has recently begun to grow in Turkey. Thus, based on the available literature, this study aims to examine studies on resilience, risk and protective factors and to call researchers’ attention related with the importance of the studies on children and adolescents struggling to overcome risk or adverse life circumstances in Turkey.

References

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  • Resilience, Risk and Protective Factors 127

Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2007, Volume: 3 Issue: 28, 113 - 128, 11.06.2007

Abstract

Psikolojik saglamlık kavramı ve bu kavramın risk altındaki çocuklar üzerine yapılan çalısmalara etkileri
arastırmacılar tarafından son otuz yılda giderek artan bir ilgi odagı haline gelmeye baslamıs, kuramsal
ve görgül çalısmalar ile bu kavramı açıklamaya katkıda bulunan birçok psikososyal faktör incelenmistir. Son
dönemde, psikolojik saglamlık arastırmalarındaki egilim zorlu yasam kosullarındaki saglam çocukların özelliklerini
belirlemekten öteye geçerek, farklı olumsuz kosullarda psikolojik saglamlıgın gelismesine yardımcı
olan süreçleri belirlemeye yönelmektedir. Buna ek olarak uzmanlar, mevcut risklerin gelecekte çocuklar
üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik çesitli önleyici programlar gelistirmeye, uygulamaya ve bu programları
degerlendirmeye çalısmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, ülkemizde psikolojik saglamlık olgusu üzerine yapılan
çalısmalara son yıllarda rastlanmaya baslanmıstır. Türkiye’de bu konuyu ele alan çalısmaların az olması dikkate
alındıgında bu çalısmanın amacı, psikolojik saglamlık, risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler üzerine
yapılan çesitli çalısmaları irdeleyerek, psikolojik saglamlıgın ülkemizde risk ya da zorlu yasam ortamlarında
yetisen çocuk ve ergenlere yönelik çalısmalardaki önemine dikkat çekmek ve bu konuda temel bir bakıs açısı
olusturmaktır.

References

  • Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in Human Goography, 24(3), 347-364.
  • Agabi, C. E. ve Wilson, J. P. (2005). Trauma, PTSD, and resilience. Trauma,Violence, and Abuse, 6(3), 195-216.
  • Alva, S. A. (1991). Academic invulnerability among Mexican-American students: The importance of protective resources and appraisals. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 18-34.
  • Beauvais, F. ve Qetting, E. R. (1999). Drug use, resilience, and the myth of the golden child. (Ed: M. D. Glantz ve J. L Johnson) Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • Block, J. ve Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and seperateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349-361.
  • Benard, B. (1991). Fostering resiliency in kids: Protective factors in the family, school, and community. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
  • Benard, B. (1993). Fostering resiliency in kids. Educational Leadership, 51(3), 44-48.
  • Bolger, K. E., Patterson, C. J., Thompson W. W. ve Kupersmidt, J. B. (1995). Psychosocial adjustment among children experiencing persistent and intermittent family economic hardship. Child Development, 66, 1107-1129.
  • Bradley, R. H., Whiteside, L. Munford, D. J., Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K. J. ve Pope, S. K. (1994). Early indications of resilience and their relation to experiences in the home environments of low birthweight, premature children living in poverty. Child Development, 65(2), 346-360.
  • Brown, J. H., D’emidio-Caston, M. ve Benard, B. (2001). Resilience education, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
  • Buckner, J. C., Mezzacappa, E. ve Beardslee, W. R. (2003). Characteristics of the resilient youths living in poverty: The role of self-regulatory processes. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 139-162.
  • Caffo, E. ve Belaise, C. (2003). Psychological aspects of traumatic injury in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 493-535.
  • Cappella, E. ve Rhona, W. (2001). Turning around reading achievement predictors of high school student’s academic resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(4), 758-771.
  • Carpentieri, S. C., Mulhern, R. K., Douglas, S., Hanna, S. ve Fairdough, J. (1993). Behavioral resiliency among children surviving brain tumors. The neuropsychological basis of disorders affecting children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 236-246.
  • Chen, J. ve George, R. A. (2005). Cultivating resilience in children from divorced families. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 13(4), 452-455.
  • Chen, X., Li, D., Li, Z., Li, B. ve Liu, M. (2000). Sociable and prosocial competence in Chinese children: Common and unique contributions to social, academic, and psychological adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 36, 302-314.
  • Criss, M. M., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A. ve Lapp, A. L. (2002). Family adversity, positive peer relationship, and children’s externalizing behavior: A longitudinal perspective on risk and resilience. Child Development, 73, 1220-1237.
  • Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., Wyman, E. A., Parker, G. R., Wannon, M. ve Gribble, E. (1992). Test comparisons among stress-efffected, stress-resilient, and nonclassified fourth-through sixth-grade urban children. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 200- 214.
  • Dearden, J. (2004). Resilience : A study of risk and protective factors from the perspective of young people with experience of local authority care. Support for Learning, 19(4), 187-193.
  • Doll, B. ve Lyon, M. A. (1998). Risk and resilience: Implications for the delivery of educational and mental health services in schools. School Psychology Review, 27(3), 348-363.
  • Felsman, J. K. ve Vaillant, G. E. (1987). Resilient children as adults: A 40-year study. (Ed: E. J. Anthony ve B. J. Cohler) The Invulnerable Child. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Fraser, M. (1997). Risk and resilience in childhood: An ecological perspective. Washington, DC: NASW Press.
  • Fraser, M. W., Richman, J. M. ve Galinsky, M. J. (1999). Risk, protection and resilience: toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social Work Research, 23, 129-208.
  • Flores, E., Rogosch; F. A. ve Cicchetti, D. (2004). Predictiors of resilience inmaltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 338-351.
  • Garmezy, N. ve Masten, A. S. (1986). Stress, competence, and resilience: Common frontiers for therapists and psychopathologist. Behavior Therapy, 57(2), 159-174.
  • Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S. ve Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children. A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97-111.
  • Gilligan, R. (2000). Adversity, resilience and young people: The protective value of positive school and spare time experiences. Child and Society, 14(1), 37-47.
  • Gizir, C. A. (2004). Akademik sağlamlık: Yok- sulluk içindeki sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin akademik başarılarına katkıda bulunan koruyucu faktörlerin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Goodman, J. H. (2004). Coping with trauma and hardship among unaccompanied refugee youths from Sudan, Qualitative Health Research, 14(9), 1177- 1196.
  • Gordon, E. W. ve Song, L. D. (1994). Variations in the experience of resilience. (Ed: M. C. Wang ve E. W. Gordon) Educational Resilience In Inner-City America: Challenges and Prospects. New Jersey: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Cem Gizir This is me

Publication Date June 11, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 3 Issue: 28

Cite

APA Gizir, C. (2007). Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(28), 113-128.

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.